1. What does "encoding" refer to in the memory process?
- Storing information in the brain
- Retrieving stored information
- The process of converting sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory
- The act of forgetting information
Theories of Memory: MCQ Test on Encoding, Storage and Retrieval
Test your knowledge of memory theories with this MCQ. Explore topics like the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, working memory, rehearsal techniques and memory retrieval.
📌 Important Exam Instructions
- ✅ This is a free online test. Do not pay anyone claiming otherwise.
- 📋 Total Questions: 30
- ⏳ Time Limit: 30 minutes
- 📝 Marking Scheme: +1 for each correct answer. No negative marking.
- ⚠️ Avoid page refresh or closing the browser tab to prevent loss of test data.
- 🔍 Carefully read all questions before submitting your answers.
- 🎯 Best of Luck! Stay focused and do your best. 🚀
Time Left (min): 00:00
2. Which of the following best describes "short-term memory"?
- Information stored for an indefinite period of time
- Information held briefly for processing and immediate use
- Information stored without active processing
- Information that is encoded into long-term memory
3. Which of the following is NOT a method of improving memory encoding?
- Rehearsal
- Chunking
- Visualization
- Forgetting
4. The "Levels of Processing" theory suggests that:
- Memory retrieval is always automatic
- Deeper levels of processing result in better memory retention
- Memory is simply a passive storage process
- Memory is influenced by the structure of sentences
5. What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller's "Magic Number"?
- 3 items
- 5-9 items
- 15-20 items
- 20-30 items
6. The "Multi-Store Model of Memory" was proposed by which psychologist?
- Sigmund Freud
- Carl Rogers
- Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
- Hermann Ebbinghaus
7. Which of the following is an example of "semantic encoding"?
- Remembering a phone number by repeating it
- Remembering the meaning of a word
- Remembering a visual image
- Remembering a song by listening to it
8. Which of the following best describes the "Working Memory" model?
- A storage system that only stores visual images
- A temporary storage system for information currently being processed
- A method of transferring information into long-term memory
- A theory that suggests information is encoded directly into long-term memory
9. "Maintenance rehearsal" is primarily used for:
- Storing information in long-term memory
- Transferring information from short-term to long-term memory
- Keeping information in short-term memory
- Understanding complex concepts
10. The "Serial Position Effect" refers to:
- The tendency to remember the beginning and end of a list better than the middle
- The tendency to recall only recent information
- The tendency to forget the beginning and end of a list
- The tendency to forget middle items in a list
11. "Elaborative rehearsal" involves:
- Repeating information over and over
- Creating meaningful associations with the information
- Simply visualizing the information
- Forgetting irrelevant details
12. "Implicit memory" refers to:
- Memory of facts and events
- Memory that does not require conscious recall
- Memory of skills and procedures
- Memory that can be verbally expressed
13. Which of the following is an example of "procedural memory"?
- Remembering your first day of school
- Remembering how to ride a bike
- Remembering historical facts
- Remembering a phone number
14. The "Encoding Specificity Principle" suggests that:
- Memory retrieval is more effective when the context at encoding matches the context at retrieval
- Memory is best retained when stored visually
- Memory can only be retrieved with direct rehearsal
- Memory is not affected by the environment
15. "The Brown-Peterson Task" is used to measure:
- Long-term memory
- The duration of short-term memory
- The impact of emotional memory
- The encoding process in memory
16. "Primacy effect" refers to:
- The tendency to better recall the middle items of a list
- The tendency to better recall the first items of a list
- The tendency to better recall the last items of a list
- The tendency to forget the first items of a list
17. "Retrieval failure" occurs when:
- Information is never encoded properly
- There is a lack of effective cues to retrieve stored information
- Information is only stored in short-term memory
- There is no rehearsal involved
18. The "Dual Coding Theory" suggests that:
- Visual and verbal information are processed separately in the brain
- Information is better remembered when encoded both visually and verbally
- Only verbal information is stored in long-term memory
- Only visual information is important in encoding
19. The "Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve" demonstrates that:
- Information is typically forgotten at a consistent rate over time
- Information is usually retained indefinitely without practice
- Memory recall improves over time without rehearsal
- Memory declines most rapidly right after learning
20. "Long-term potentiation" refers to:
- The strengthening of synapses based on repeated stimulation
- The process of retrieving memories
- The process of transferring information from sensory to short-term memory
- The process of forgetting irrelevant information
21. Which of the following is an example of "episodic memory"?
- Recalling the capital of France
- Remembering the first time you rode a bike
- Remembering how to play an instrument
- Recalling the alphabet
22. The process of encoding sensory input into a meaningful representation is known as:
- Encoding specificity
- Semantic encoding
- Imagery encoding
- Visual encoding
23. The "Central Executive" in the working memory model is responsible for:
- Managing visual and auditory information
- Storing information for later use
- Overseeing cognitive processes such as attention and problem-solving
- Acting as a passive storage system
24. The "Transfer-Appropriate Processing" theory suggests that:
- Memory retrieval is most efficient when the type of encoding matches the type of retrieval
- Memory retrieval is unaffected by the type of encoding
- Encoding occurs automatically based on the context
- Only verbal encoding leads to efficient memory retrieval
25. Which of the following is a limitation of the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
- It overemphasizes the role of attention in memory
- It does not account for the interaction between short-term and long-term memory
- It suggests that all memory processes are unconscious
- It does not explain how information is processed over time
26. The "dual-task interference" effect suggests that:
- The brain can handle two tasks at once without any interference
- Performing two tasks simultaneously can lead to cognitive overload
- Performing two tasks can improve memory
- Memory improves when the tasks are unrelated
27. "Proactive interference" refers to:
- New information interfering with the recall of old information
- Old information interfering with the recall of new information
- Information becoming more easily retrievable over time
- Forgetting irrelevant information automatically
28. The "Reconstructive Memory" theory suggests that:
- Memories are like static snapshots of past events
- Memories can be reconstructed and altered over time
- Memory retrieval is always accurate and reliable
- Memory is unaffected by external influences
29. The "Semantic Network Theory" suggests that:
- Memories are stored as interconnected concepts in the brain
- Memories are stored in isolated memory traces
- Memory retrieval depends on the context in which it was learned
- Memory retrieval is a passive process
30. "Retroactive interference" occurs when:
- New learning disrupts the recall of previously learned information
- New information is stored more efficiently in long-term memory
- Information is retained in memory indefinitely without rehearsal
- Old information makes it difficult to learn new information