1. What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in cognition?
- Processing emotions
- Encoding sensory information
- Planning and decision-making
- Regulating autonomic functions
Cognitive Psychology Intermediate Level MCQs
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2. What is the key concept of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
- Stages of moral reasoning
- The role of unconscious motivation
- Sequential stages of cognitive growth
- Social interaction as a basis for learning
3. Which term describes the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory input?
- Encoding
- Perception
- Attention
- Retrieval
4. What is the primary function of sensory memory?
- Storing sensory inputs for long-term use
- Encoding information into long-term memory
- Briefly retaining sensory information
- Organizing stimuli into patterns
5. What does the term “dual coding” suggest in learning?
- Using both verbal and visual information for memory
- Processing auditory and tactile stimuli simultaneously
- Storing information in two separate memory systems
- Relying on emotional and logical reasoning
6. What is the “recency effect”?
- The tendency to remember the first items in a list
- The tendency to remember the last items in a list
- The ability to remember random information
- The tendency to forget irrelevant details
7. Which of the following is a type of implicit memory?
- Semantic memory
- Procedural memory
- Episodic memory
- Declarative memory
8. What is “attention switching”?
- The ability to divide attention among multiple tasks
- The act of shifting focus between tasks or stimuli
- Maintaining sustained focus over time
- Filtering out irrelevant information
9. What does the term “mental set” refer to?
- A habitual approach to problem-solving
- Flexibility in decision-making
- An emotional state affecting cognition
- A strategy for multitasking
10. What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller’s law?
- 5 ± 2 items
- 7 ± 2 items
- 9 ± 2 items
- 10 ± 2 items
11. What is the role of rehearsal in memory?
- Enhancing sensory memory
- Transferring information to long-term memory
- Decoding sensory stimuli
- Reducing cognitive load
12. What is the purpose of a heuristic in problem-solving?
- To guarantee an accurate solution
- To simplify complex problems quickly
- To test multiple hypotheses
- To minimize emotional influence
13. What is “functional fixedness”?
- The tendency to perceive objects only in their traditional use
- The ability to use objects creatively
- The process of adapting to novel tasks
- A lack of focus in problem-solving
14. What does “top-down processing” emphasize?
- Sensory input guiding perception
- Pre-existing knowledge shaping perception
- Data-driven interpretation of stimuli
- Random organization of sensory input
15. What is the main function of declarative memory?
- Storing procedural knowledge
- Retaining factual and event-related information
- Managing emotional responses
- Encoding sensory details
16. Which term describes the ability to process multiple stimuli simultaneously?
- Selective attention
- Divided attention
- Sustained attention
- Focused attention
17. What is the term for the phenomenon of improved memory recall when the context matches the learning environment?
- Encoding specificity principle
- Context-dependent memory
- State-dependent learning
- Episodic memory
18. What is an example of proactive interference in memory?
- Forgetting a new password due to remembering an old one
- Forgetting old habits due to learning new ones
- Failing to recall due to emotional distress
- Forgetting details over time
19. What is the role of the amygdala in cognition?
- Storing semantic memories
- Processing emotional responses
- Managing motor coordination
- Enhancing visual perception
20. What does “anchoring bias” refer to in decision-making?
- Relying on the first piece of information as a reference point
- Avoiding risk in uncertain situations
- Overestimating the likelihood of recent events
- Preferring familiar options over new ones
21. Which cognitive theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement in learning?
- Behaviorism
- Constructivism
- Social learning theory
- Information processing theory
22. What is “metacognition”?
- The ability to multitask
- Knowledge and awareness of one’s own thought processes
- Automatic retrieval of information
- The organization of sensory inputs
23. What does “semantic memory” store?
- Personal experiences
- Factual knowledge and concepts
- Procedural skills
- Emotional memories
24. Which type of processing involves analyzing individual components of a stimulus?
- Top-down processing
- Bottom-up processing
- Selective processing
- Divided processing
25. What is the term for forgetting caused by insufficient retrieval cues?
- Decay theory
- Retrieval failure
- Proactive interference
- Retroactive interference
26. Which term describes the brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt?
- Neuroplasticity
- Neurogenesis
- Cognitive restructuring
- Synaptic pruning
27. What does the “serial position effect” explain?
- Improved recall for the first and last items in a list
- Difficulty recalling details in random order
- Enhanced memory for repetitive stimuli
- The impact of practice on memory
28. What does “automaticity” refer to in cognitive psychology?
- The ability to perform tasks without conscious effort
- The process of encoding information into memory
- The practice of multitasking effectively
- The application of heuristics in decision-making
29. Which of the following is an example of state-dependent memory?
- Recalling information while in the same emotional state as learning
- Memorizing a list of words using repetition
- Forgetting details of unrelated events
- Recognizing familiar faces
30. Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance?
- Feeling anxiety before a big exam
- A person justifying their unhealthy lifestyle despite knowing its risks
- Recalling a memory from childhood
- Learning a new language by repeating words aloud